{"id":101654,"date":"2019-03-06T07:44:29","date_gmt":"2019-03-06T06:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/?p=101654"},"modified":"2019-07-15T11:14:39","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T09:14:39","slug":"restes-de-fortification-a-harfleur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/restes-de-fortification-a-harfleur\/101654\/","title":{"rendered":"Restes de fortification \u00e0 Harfleur"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 Harfleur, en Normandie, les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Inrap ont mis au jour des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fortification remarquables, dont une tour creuse et un ouvrage d\u00e9fensif avanc\u00e9 (casemate), ainsi que des vestiges d\u2019habitation des XIIIe et XIVe si\u00e8cles. Du XIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du port du Havre en 1517, la ville de Harfleur \u00e9tait le principal port maritime de Normandie. Devant faire face \u00e0 la menace anglaise, la ville s\u2019entoure \u00e0 partir de 1344 d\u2019un rempart flanqu\u00e9 de tours et de trois portes, puis d\u2019un bassin fortifi\u00e9 au sud de la ville, \u00ab Le clos des Gal\u00e9es \u00bb, servant de port militaire. La porte de Rouen, ouvrant sur ce bassin, est doubl\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin du XVe si\u00e8cle, d\u2019un boulevard d\u2019artillerie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les arch\u00e9ologues ont d\u00e9gag\u00e9 une portion du rempart nord de la ville sur pr\u00e8s de quatre-vingt m\u00e8tres. Les ma\u00e7onneries ne sont pas toutes d\u2019origine et t\u00e9moignent de r\u00e9fections effectu\u00e9es aux XVe et XVIe si\u00e8cles. Dans un \u00e9tat de conservation variable, la muraille atteint par endroit 1,50 m d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation. Le parement m\u00e9di\u00e9val est constitu\u00e9 de gros blocs, alors que le parement moderne est constitu\u00e9 de petits moellons en silex, avec des harpes en calcaire. Les arch\u00e9ologues ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une tour semi-circulaire de six m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, dot\u00e9e d\u2019une poterne (porte d\u00e9rob\u00e9e) ouvrant sur l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. Mentionn\u00e9e sur les plans anciens sous le nom de tour de la Cigogne ou tour de la Grue, cette tour comprenait une salle accessible par une petite porte depuis l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du rempart. Autre d\u00e9couverte, la tour \u00e9tait d\u00e9fendue par un ouvrage avanc\u00e9 en forme d\u2019\u00e9peron, \u00e9difi\u00e9 dans un second temps, peut-\u00eatre en partie dans le foss\u00e9 bordant le rempart. Plus tard, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la tour a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 par un talus en terre. Visibles sur plus de trente m\u00e8tres de long, ces talus ont peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus n\u00e9cessaires par la destruction de la muraille. Leur sommet a \u00e9t\u00e9 coiff\u00e9 d\u2019un mur de retenue de terre qui formait sans-doute une plateforme pour accueillir l\u2019artillerie.<\/p>\n

La fouille de l\u2019impasse Gambetta a permis d\u2019\u00e9tudier un quartier d\u2019habitat dans le contexte de la guerre de Cent Ans. Les arch\u00e9ologues ont mis au jour des b\u00e2timents en bois des XIIIe-XIVe si\u00e8cles, dont subsistent des sols, des bases de chemin\u00e9es ainsi que des assises de pierres (ou solins) supportant des colombages aujourd\u2019hui disparus.<\/p>\n

Am\u00e9nageur : Logeo Seine Estuaire
\nContr\u00f4le scientifique : Service r\u00e9gional de l\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie (Drac Normandie)
\nRecherche arch\u00e9ologique : Inrap
\nDirecteur adjoint scientifique et technique : Sylvain Mazet, Inrap
\nResponsable scientifique : Jean-Yves Langlois, Inrap<\/p>\n

Photo : L\u2019ouvrage avanc\u00e9 en forme d\u2019\u00e9peron prot\u00e9geant la tour, vue de l’ext\u00e9rieur – Jean-Yves Langlois, Inrap<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 Harfleur, en Normandie, les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Inrap ont mis au jour des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fortification remarquables, dont une tour creuse et un ouvrage d\u00e9fensif avanc\u00e9 (casemate), ainsi que des vestiges d\u2019habitation des XIIIe et XIVe si\u00e8cles. Du XIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du port du Havre en 1517, la ville de Harfleur \u00e9tait le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":101655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10530,6340,10785],"tags":[6454],"class_list":["post-101654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-architecture-conception","category-atrium","tag-inrap"],"yoast_head":"\nRestes de fortification \u00e0 Harfleur<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c0 Harfleur, les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Inrap ont mis au jour des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fortification remarquables, dont une tour creuse et un ouvrage d\u00e9fensif avanc\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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