{"id":73958,"date":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-18T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/b.bati-journal.com\/ilot-de-chaleur-urbaine-faire-reflechir-ou-verdir-la-ville\/73958"},"modified":"2019-07-15T12:23:55","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T10:23:55","slug":"ilot-de-chaleur-urbaine-faire-reflechir-ou-verdir-la-ville","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/ilot-de-chaleur-urbaine-faire-reflechir-ou-verdir-la-ville\/73958\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilot de chaleur urbaine : faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir ou verdir la ville ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le projet EPICEA \u00e9value l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agglom\u00e9ration parisienne et plus particuli\u00e8rement le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00ab\u00a0d’\u00eelot de chaleur urbain\u00a0\u00bb (ICU) qu’on observe dans les zones dens\u00e9ment urbanis\u00e9es. Ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 conjointement par M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France et le CSTB en partenariat avec l’Apur. L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e en 3 volets : \u00e9volution du climat urbain parisien dans la perspective du changement climatique ; \u00e9tude particuli\u00e8re d’une situation extr\u00eame : la canicule de 2003, \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle de l’agglom\u00e9ration parisienne ; et lien entre l’urbanisme et le climat urbain : strat\u00e9gies d’adaptation du territoire parisien pour diminuer l’intensit\u00e9 de l’\u00eelot de chaleur urbain.\u000b\u000bUne hausse significative de la temp\u00e9rature de l’air de plus de 2\u00b0C a \u00e9t\u00e9 montr\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation. Dans un second temps, l’analyse fine de la canicule du mois d’ao\u00fbt 2003 a montr\u00e9 que l’urbanisation alt\u00e8rait le bilan d’\u00e9nergie par modification de l’occupation des sols et modifie le climat urbain. L’ICU appara\u00eet en fin de nuit. Les zones urbaines de Paris les plus vuln\u00e9rables sont les arrondissements fortement urbanis\u00e9s du centre de la capitale, les arrondissements p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, ainsi que les zones situ\u00e9es dans le panache urbain. Pour tenter de diminuer ces changements de temp\u00e9ratures, plusieurs sc\u00e9narios d’\u00e9volution de Paris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 : modification des param\u00e8tres radiatifs des toits et murs, de la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation et de la pr\u00e9sence d’eau dans l’espace urbain. La variation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s radiatives des parois opaques du b\u00e2ti parisien (murs et toitures) a un impact relativement important sur les temp\u00e9ratures dans Paris intra muros (diminution de l’intensit\u00e9 de l’ICU de 1 \u00b0C et diminution maximale instantan\u00e9e des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e0 2 m de 2 \u00e0 3 \u00b0C), mais \u00e9galement dans le panache urbain. L’effet de ces modifications se fait sentir \u00e0 la fois en surface et en altitude, avec un effet maximal aux alentours de 10 \u00e0 15 m d’altitude. Le verdissement de la ville avec une v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des espaces de sol nu \u00ab disponibles \u00bb et de la moiti\u00e9 de la surface des rues dont la largeur est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 15 m, n’a un impact que si la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation est maintenue dans un \u00e9tat lui permettant ses activit\u00e9s d’\u00e9vapotranspiration. Ainsi, si la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation est en situation de stress hydrique, elle se comporte quasiment comme du sol nu. Avec un arrosage, l’impact est tr\u00e8s important : diminution de l’intensit\u00e9 de l’ICU de 1 \u00e0 3 \u00b0C et diminution maximale instantan\u00e9e des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e0 2 m de 3 \u00e0 5 \u00b0C, notamment en journ\u00e9e avec l’\u00e9vapotranspiration de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, et d’autant plus important que le taux de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation est \u00e9lev\u00e9. Avec une humidification de la ville par aspersion d’eau dans les rues, la diminution de l’intensit\u00e9 de l’ICU inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,5 \u00b0C et \u00e0 une diminution maximale instantan\u00e9e des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e0 2 m de l’ordre de 1 \u00e0 2 \u00b0C et l’effet ne se fait sentir qu’en basses couches.\u000bwww.apur.org<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le projet EPICEA \u00e9value l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agglom\u00e9ration parisienne et plus particuli\u00e8rement le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00ab\u00a0d’\u00eelot de chaleur urbain\u00a0\u00bb (ICU) qu’on observe dans les zones dens\u00e9ment urbanis\u00e9es. Ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 conjointement par M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France et le CSTB en partenariat avec l’Apur. L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e en 3 volets : \u00e9volution du climat urbain […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6351],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie-environnement"],"yoast_head":"\nIlot de chaleur urbaine : faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir ou verdir la ville ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/ilot-de-chaleur-urbaine-faire-reflechir-ou-verdir-la-ville\/73958\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ilot de chaleur urbaine : faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir ou verdir la ville ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le projet EPICEA \u00e9value l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agglom\u00e9ration parisienne et plus particuli\u00e8rement le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00ab\u00a0d’\u00eelot de chaleur urbain\u00a0\u00bb (ICU) qu’on observe dans les zones dens\u00e9ment urbanis\u00e9es. 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