{"id":92093,"date":"2016-04-06T09:34:14","date_gmt":"2016-04-06T07:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/batijournal.com\/?p=92093"},"modified":"2019-07-15T11:16:51","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T09:16:51","slug":"reouverture-parties-hautes-pantheon-apres-vaste-campagne-de-restauration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/reouverture-parties-hautes-pantheon-apres-vaste-campagne-de-restauration\/92093\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9ouverture des parties hautes du Panth\u00e9on apr\u00e8s une vaste campagne de restauration"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edifi\u00e9 entre 1764 et 1790, le Panth\u00e9on est l\u2019\u0153uvre majeure de l\u2019architecte Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Le monument pr\u00e9sentait de profonds d\u00e9sordres r\u00e9sultant de plusieurs facteurs : le vieillissement des pierres, le d\u00e9faut d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9, l\u2019importante corrosion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans les ma\u00e7onneries et la mauvaise r\u00e9partition des pouss\u00e9es sur les piles et les arcs de la crois\u00e9e du transept. Le chantier entrepris sur une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es par le Centre des monuments nationaux a pour but de r\u00e9soudre de fa\u00e7on p\u00e9renne les probl\u00e8mes structurels de l\u2019\u00e9difice. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape a port\u00e9 sur la coupole, le lanternon et le tambour avec sa colonnade.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La phase de pr\u00e9paration a \u00e9t\u00e9 exceptionnelle car elle a impliqu\u00e9 des installations particuli\u00e8rement lourdes : un gigantesque \u00e9chafaudage autoportant, recouvrant la partie sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019\u00e9difice.<\/p>\n

Les couvertures<\/strong>
\nCompos\u00e9es de plomb, de cuivre et de pierre, les couvertures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9es pour rem\u00e9dier au d\u00e9faut d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 et pr\u00e9server ainsi les ma\u00e7onneries int\u00e9rieures. Les tables de plomb destin\u00e9es \u00e0 recouvrir le d\u00f4me ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es en Angleterre selon la technique d\u2019origine du plomb \u00ab coul\u00e9 sur sable \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\"Pantheon-dome-et-drapeau-francais-vus-depuis-la-coursive-sud-ouest-Benjamin-Gavaudo---Centre-des-monuments-nationaux\"<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques<\/strong>
\nLes \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques \u00e9tant pour la plupart ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans les ma\u00e7onneries, donc invisibles, il \u00e9tait impossible d\u2019en \u00e9valuer l\u2019\u00e9tat et de les restaurer. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments visibles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9s en pr\u00e9vention, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments trop corrod\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9s et des dispositifs de renfort ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place. Les menuiseries m\u00e9talliques d\u2019origine en fer forg\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019identique. D\u2019autres plus r\u00e9centes datant du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recr\u00e9es sur le mod\u00e8le des anciennes.<\/p>\n

\"Pantheon-galeries-d-acces-aux-tribunes-Benjamin-Gavaudo---Centre-des-monuments-nationaux\"<\/p>\n

Les sculptures<\/strong>
\nLes faces internes des sculptures pouvaient \u00eatre conserv\u00e9es contrairement \u00e0 leurs faces externes qui ont davantage \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es aux conditions climatiques. Celles-ci ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 en grande partie refaites \u00e0 neuf, mobilisant \u00e0 la fois des tailleurs de pierre et des sculpteurs. Les ma\u00e7onneries en pierre ont quant \u00e0 elle \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9es en pr\u00e9servant au maximum les pierres et joints d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n

La lanterne<\/strong>
\nLa lanterne du Panth\u00e9on culmine \u00e0 plus de 80 m\u00e8tres du sol. Elle a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une mauvaise restauration \u00e0 la fin du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle qui a engendr\u00e9 d\u2019importants d\u00e9sordres structurels : des pierres fissur\u00e9es, des armatures m\u00e9talliques rouill\u00e9es, d\u2019anciennes restaurations \u00e0 reprendre, une instabilit\u00e9 des consoles et de l\u2019encorbellement. La somme de toutes ces pathologies plaidait pour la d\u00e9pose int\u00e9grale de l\u2019ouvrage. La croix, vestige de l\u2019Eglise Saint-Genevi\u00e8ve, a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9e puis la coupole sup\u00e9rieure a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mont\u00e9e. Chaque pierre \u00e9tait num\u00e9rot\u00e9e, cot\u00e9e, et sa position dans l\u2019espace relev\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 un axe central. Un relev\u00e9 laser 3D de l\u2019ensemble de la lanterne a, par ailleurs, \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9. Les colonnes des fen\u00eatres ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9es d\u2019un seul tenant et l\u2019ouvrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 grut\u00e9 en un seul bloc de plus de 800 kilos. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9pose, tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ont \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9s ou refaits \u00e0 l\u2019identique. La restauration de la lanterne a dur\u00e9 pr\u00e8s d\u2019un an et a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 le remplacement de plus de la moiti\u00e9 des pierres.<\/p>\n

\"Pantheon-peristyle-du-tambour-du-dome-Benjamin-Gavaudo---Centre-des-monuments-nationaux\"<\/p>\n

Les traces de plomb<\/strong>
\nDu plomb \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent sur tout l\u2019\u00e9difice, sur les couvertures comme dans les ma\u00e7onneries, ce qui n\u00e9cessitait un protocole particulier pour assurer la protection des artisans pr\u00e9sents sur le chantier. Afin d\u2019\u00e9liminer les poussi\u00e8res charg\u00e9es de particules de plomb ancr\u00e9es dans la pierre, un produit a \u00e9t\u00e9 projet\u00e9 sur les parements. En s\u00e9chant, il a form\u00e9 une pellicule souple emprisonnant les poussi\u00e8res. La pellicule de plomb a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00f4t\u00e9e puis d\u00e9pos\u00e9e dans des conteneurs sp\u00e9ciaux pour \u00eatre trait\u00e9e en d\u00e9chetterie.<\/p>\n

\"Pantheon-peristyle-du-tambour-du-plafond-caissons-Benjamin-Gavaudo-Centre-des-monuments-nationaux\"<\/p>\n

Traitement des fa\u00e7ades ext\u00e9rieures<\/strong>
\nA l\u2019occasion du chantier, l\u2019encrassement significatif des parements et des sculptures de pierre a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de nettoyage original utilisant des compresses \u00e0 base d\u2019argile et des projections de latex liquide charg\u00e9 de produits actifs capables de fixer les salissures sans porter atteinte \u00e0 la surface de la pierre. Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 habituellement utilis\u00e9 pour des nettoyages de faible importance \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des monuments a \u00e9t\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois mis en pratique \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle sur un \u00e9difice en traitement des fa\u00e7ades ext\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n

Cet important chantier de restauration a entrain\u00e9 la fermeture au public des parties hautes. Depuis le 1er avril 2016, le Centre des monuments nationaux les ouvre \u00e0 nouveau dans la pr\u00e9sentation voulue par Jacques-Germain Soufflot, avec leur lustre d\u2019antan.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Photos : \u00a9 Benjamin Gavaudo – Centre des monuments nationaux<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edifi\u00e9 entre 1764 et 1790, le Panth\u00e9on est l\u2019\u0153uvre majeure de l\u2019architecte Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Le monument pr\u00e9sentait de profonds d\u00e9sordres r\u00e9sultant de plusieurs facteurs : le vieillissement des pierres, le d\u00e9faut d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9, l\u2019importante corrosion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9talliques ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans les ma\u00e7onneries et la mauvaise r\u00e9partition des pouss\u00e9es sur les piles et les arcs de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":92094,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10736,6340,10787],"tags":[8113,4474,1308],"class_list":["post-92093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-architecture-conception","category-entreprises-et-chantiers","tag-centre-des-monuments-nationaux","tag-monuments-historiques","tag-restauration"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9ouverture des parties hautes du Panth\u00e9on apr\u00e8s une vaste campagne de restauration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/reouverture-parties-hautes-pantheon-apres-vaste-campagne-de-restauration\/92093\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9ouverture des parties hautes du Panth\u00e9on apr\u00e8s une vaste campagne de restauration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Edifi\u00e9 entre 1764 et 1790, le Panth\u00e9on est l\u2019\u0153uvre majeure de l\u2019architecte Jacques-Germain Soufflot. 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