{"id":95359,"date":"2017-03-08T07:04:05","date_gmt":"2017-03-08T06:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/batijournal.com\/?p=95359"},"modified":"2017-03-08T07:04:05","modified_gmt":"2017-03-08T06:04:05","slug":"dieu-mithra-retrouve-corse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/dieu-mithra-retrouve-corse\/95359\/","title":{"rendered":"Le dieu Mithra retrouv\u00e9 en Corse"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de l\u2019Inrap vient de mettre au jour un sanctuaire d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu Mithra sur le site de Mariana, \u00e0 Lucciana (Haute-Corse). C\u2019est la premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019un mithr\u00e6um est identifi\u00e9 sur l’\u00eele de beaut\u00e9. Ce sanctuaire se compose de plusieurs espaces caract\u00e9ristiques des mithr\u00e6a dont une salle de culte et son antichambre. La salle d\u2019assembl\u00e9e, rectangulaire (11 x 5 m), est constitu\u00e9e d\u2019un couloir central surcreus\u00e9, bord\u00e9 de deux longues banquettes de 1,80 m de largeur, limit\u00e9es par un muret soigneusement enduit \u00e0 la chaux. En vis-\u00e0-vis, deux niches vo\u00fbt\u00e9es en briques sont am\u00e9nag\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9paisseur des banquettes. L\u2019une d\u2019elles contenait encore trois lampes \u00e0 huile intactes.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 du couloir devait se dresser le bas-relief de marbre repr\u00e9sentant Mithra, coiff\u00e9 de son bonnet phrygien et sacrifiant un taureau. Trois fragments de ce bas-relief bris\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s \u00e0 ce jour par les arch\u00e9ologues. Y figurent un chien et un serpent buvant le sang s\u2019\u00e9coulant de la gorge entaill\u00e9e de l\u2019animal immol\u00e9, alors qu\u2019un scorpion lui pince les testicules. Sur la droite, un personnage est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 tenant une torche : le \u00ab dadophore \u00bb symbolisant le soleil couchant ou la mort. D\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments en marbre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exhum\u00e9s, dont une t\u00eate de femme. Deux clochettes en bronze, de nombreuses lampes bris\u00e9es et des pots \u00e0 p\u00e2te fine pourraient relever d\u2019un mobilier liturgique. Une plaque de bronze et une autre de plomb portent des inscriptions qui restent \u00e0 d\u00e9chiffrer.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Vue du mithraeum depuis le sud. On aper\u00e7oit les deux banquettes longitudinales. Au fond, l\u2019\u00e9glise de la Canonica.<\/p><\/div>\n

Peu de choses sont connues de ce culte monoth\u00e9iste \u00e0 myst\u00e8res. En l\u2019absence de documentation \u00e9crite explicite, la connaissance repose principalement sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de ses sanctuaires et des repr\u00e9sentations peintes ou sculpt\u00e9es qu\u2019ils renferment. D\u2019origine indo-iranienne, le mithra\u00efsme est probablement introduit dans l\u2019Empire par les militaires romains et les marchands orientaux. Il s\u2019y diffuse \u00e0 la fin du Ier si\u00e8cle. Ce culte initiatique, r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux hommes, s\u00e9duit d\u2019abord les \u00e9lites puis touche toutes les couches de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Une centaine de mithr\u00e6a sont connus dans l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019Empire, dont \u00e0 Rome et \u00e0 Ostie. En France, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Biesheim et Septeuil, en poss\u00e8dent. En 2010, l\u2019Inrap mettait au jour un tel sanctuaire \u00e0 Angers. Il avait r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un bas-relief, des d\u00e9dicaces au dieu Mithra et un important mobilier.\u00a0Concurrent du christianisme, le mithra\u00efsme est fortement combattu puis interdit par l\u2019empereur Th\u00e9odose en 392. Le sanctuaire porte des traces de destruction d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 : autel d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu bris\u00e9, \u00e9difice d\u00e9truit et combl\u00e9 de gravats. Les causes exactes de cette destruction restent inconnues, toutefois il faut noter qu\u2019un vaste complexe pal\u00e9ochr\u00e9tien avec basilique et baptist\u00e8re est \u00e9difi\u00e9 vers 400 \u00e0 Mariana, constituant les premi\u00e8res traces du christianisme en Corse.<\/p>\n

Un vaste programme de valorisation de la cit\u00e9 romaine de Mariana, est engag\u00e9 par la commune de Lucciana. Il comprend la construction d\u2019un mus\u00e9e de site (financement \u00c9tat, collectivit\u00e9 territoriale de Corse, conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Haute-Corse, principaut\u00e9 de Monaco et commune de Lucciana) et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement d\u2019un parc arch\u00e9ologique de plusieurs hectares.
\nPhotos : \u00a9 Denis Gliksman, Inrap<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de l\u2019Inrap vient de mettre au jour un sanctuaire d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu Mithra sur le site de Mariana, \u00e0 Lucciana (Haute-Corse). C\u2019est la premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019un mithr\u00e6um est identifi\u00e9 sur l’\u00eele de beaut\u00e9. Ce sanctuaire se compose de plusieurs espaces caract\u00e9ristiques des mithr\u00e6a dont une salle de culte et son antichambre. La salle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":95357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10530],"tags":[6454],"class_list":["post-95359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-inrap"],"yoast_head":"\nLe dieu Mithra retrouv\u00e9 en Corse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/batijournal.com\/index.php\/dieu-mithra-retrouve-corse\/95359\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le dieu Mithra retrouv\u00e9 en Corse\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une \u00e9quipe de l\u2019Inrap vient de mettre au jour un sanctuaire d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu Mithra sur le site de Mariana, \u00e0 Lucciana (Haute-Corse). C\u2019est la premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019un mithr\u00e6um est identifi\u00e9 sur l’\u00eele de beaut\u00e9. Ce sanctuaire se compose de plusieurs espaces caract\u00e9ristiques des mithr\u00e6a dont une salle de culte et son antichambre. 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